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A white dwarf star is undergoing the process of turning into a “cosmic diamond” as it begins to crystalise. The lullaby “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” talks about stars in the sky looking like diamonds, but for one specific type of star, that observation is truer than for others. Astronomers have observed that when a specific type of dead star starts to cool, it begins to crystalise and harden. An international team of astronomers, led by Alexander Venner of the University of Southern Queensland in Australia, have explained in a new paper Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society how a white dwarf star around 104 light-years away is doing just that. They noticed that the star, composed primarily of carbon and metallic oxygen, has a temperature-mass profile that suggests its centre is hardening into a dense “cosmic diamond” made of crystallised carbon and oxygen. The study explained: "In this work we present the discovery of a new Sirius-like quadruple system at 32 parsecs distance, composed of a crystallizing white dwarf companion to the previously known triple HD 190412.” Sign up to our free Indy100 weekly newsletter It continued: “By virtue of its association with these main sequence companions, this is the first crystallizing white dwarf whose total age can be externally constrained, a fact that we make use of by attempting to empirically measure a cooling delay caused by core crystallization in the white dwarf.” All stars eventually die out when they run out of energy. Of those that have a mass of less than around eight times that of the Sun, the vast majority will form a white dwarf star. The matter of a white dwarf star is highly compressed and as they gradually cool, they evolve into a black dwarf star when they lose heat and crystalise. Scientists’ calculations estimate the process takes around a quadrillion years (one million billion years) to complete, though the signs that the process is occurring can be identified by experts. Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

Kevin De Bruyne revealed he was carrying an injury throughout the closing stages of Manchester City’s glorious treble triumph. De Bruyne was not on the field as City capped a stunning season by winning the Champions League on Saturday, having finally succumbed to a long-standing hamstring problem. The inspirational Belgian playmaker was forced off after 35 minutes of a hard-fought final against Inter Milan in Istanbul, which City went on to win 1-0 with a 68th-minute strike from Rodri. De Bruyne said: “I give everything for my team and the people in the club know that. I feel proud that I’ve been able to do what I did. “It’s a shame that it went the way it did for me here, but we go away winning the Champions League so there’s nothing bad towards it. “I felt all right this week, but I’ve been told for two months it was a risk – but, you know, you take it. “I did what I had to do. Obviously I missed some games, but the games like Arsenal, Bayern (Munich) and (Real) Madrid I managed to do it. “I had some personal things happen with my family on top of that and I managed that, but, here, the hamstring just snapped.” I’ve been told for two months it was a risk – but, you know, you take it Kevin De Bruyne It was the second time De Bruyne had been forced off in a Champions League final after he suffered a bad facial injury in the loss to Chelsea two years ago. Yet, after City came through, he did not want to dwell on his personal misfortune. “I don’t look at football that way,” he said. “It is what it is. “I felt the team was able to manage it and do their job. OK, the injury is never nice, but I was there for my team and did what I needed to do. “I felt OK in the 35 minutes I played and I can’t expect more from myself.” Victory fulfilled a long-held ambition for De Bruyne after enjoying considerable domestic success in his eight years at City. He said: “I’ve basically been fighting all my career with my team to win this medal. “I still don’t think it defines my career – I know who I am as a football player and person and I am happy and proud of the person I am – but obviously you want to win.” Much has been made of what the victory could mean for City, both as a platform for the current team and for the status of the club as whole, but De Bruyne feels that is a matter for another day. He said: “That’s not something I’m really thinking about right now. The season is so long we should just enjoy this moment. “We’ve had subdued parties up until now, but now we can really enjoy it for a couple of days, as we should. “We’ve not lost one game in the Champions League this season so I think we deserve it.” Read More Charity boss speaks out over ‘traumatic’ encounter with royal aide Ukraine war’s heaviest fight rages in east - follow live Josh Taylor says move up to welterweight is ‘imminent’ after first career defeat Manchester City’s Champions League celebrations in pictures Pep Guardiola: Manchester City ‘part of history’ after winning Champions League

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PHILADELPHIA--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Oct 12, 2023--