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Going on a spacewalk might sound like a lot of fun – but in reality it’s no walk in the park. From their muscles getting less dense all the way to erectile dysfunction, astronauts have to put up with all sorts of things going wrong with their body. And none more gross than what happens to their fingernails. Turns out they just fall right off. The technical term for this is onycholysis, and it has to do with how much – or how little – atmospheric pressure there is in space. Because there is so little ambient pressure in space, astronaut’s space suits need to be pressurised to keep the human body intact. But that’s not good for the hands, it turns out. “Injuries to the hands are common among astronauts who train for extravehicular activity (EVA),” says a 2015 conference paper by space specialists Wyle Laboratories. “When the gloves are pressurized, they restrict movement and create pressure points during tasks, sometimes resulting in pain, muscle fatigue, abrasions, and occasionally more severe injuries such as onycholysis. “Glove injuries, both anecdotal and recorded, have been reported during EVA training and flight persistently through NASA's history regardless of mission or glove model." A 2010 study looked at 232 hand injuries sustained by astronauts, and found that the wider your knuckle joints, the more likely you are to suffer in a space suit. The study suggested that because space suit gloves limit the mobility of these knuckles, the fingers then get put under more pressure. This, in turn, means less blood gets to the fingers, and risks onycholysis. Ouch. Work has been done to try to improve the design of space suit gloves, of course. One team found that the more tailored they were to each astronaut’s finger length the less likely they were to lose their fingernails. That’s no mean feat, however. These gloves are made of at least four layers: one which touches the skin, one which helps create the pressurised environment, another one which makes the pressure layer less stiff, and an outer layer which protects the astronaut from everything on the outside. Mercifully for NASA astronauts at least, they usually have their gloves fitted to each wearer, and with new space suit design moving forward each day, the number of injuries is decreasing. Nonetheless, it sounds like a trip to space is no time for a manicure. How to join the indy100's free WhatsApp channel Sign up to our free indy100 weekly newsletter Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

SAN JOSE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov 28, 2023--

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There's no denying breakups can be painful, but friendship breakups can be just as tough. In fact, past research has claimed that 70 per cent of close friendships dissolve after seven years. Charlotte Johnson, relationships expert at Mega Pleasure, has shared just why parting ways with a pal can sometimes feel worse than a romantic relationship breakup. Charlotte suggests that both relationship and friendship breakups are very similar, as both experiences consist of losing someone who is close to you and who you have shared many memories with. "This can result in feeling numb because you’re trying to cope with multiple losses including their friendship and companionship and loyalty," Charlotte explained. "It is important to address the underlying feelings and emotions from this breakup by talking to someone else, such as a family member or additional friend, in order to move on in a healthy way." Sign up for our free Indy100 weekly newsletter To help navigate a friendship breakup, Charlotte shared seven invaluable tips: Acknowledge your feelings "It’s important to acknowledge and accept your feelings regarding the breakup, as holding in your emotions can lead to feeling overwhelmed and potentially a flux of upset. Allow yourself to feel the emotions and process them in a healthy way." Take time for yourself and give yourself some space and time to heal "Spend time with yourself, do things that make you feel good, and take time to reflect. An example of this can be practising your favourite hobby such as reading or exercising, or even taking more time to relax and unwind such as having a relaxing bath or watching your favourite movies." Reach out for support and talk to friends and family about what happened "It’s important to have a support system during this time, as the people who love you the most can provide you with the best reassurance and advice that you might need." Set boundaries "Moving on from a friendship breakup means setting boundaries. Don’t reach out to your former friend unless it is absolutely necessary as creating space and time is most important in reflection for the both of you. This may be difficult but having time to reflect on the breakup on your own can be really beneficial for clarity and closure." Try to focus on the positives "It’s easy to dwell on the negative aspects of the friendship breakup, but it’s important to focus on the positive. Think about the lessons you learned and the growth you experienced within that relationship and use this moving forward with new friends.” Don't isolate yourself "While it's natural to feel the need for some alone time, try not to isolate yourself for an extended period. Surround yourself with positive influences, whether it's through other friendships, community involvement, or pursuing new interests and hobbies." Give it time "Healing from a friendship breakup takes time. Allow yourself the space and patience to heal at your own pace. Over time, the pain will diminish, and you will be able to move forward with newfound strength." Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

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