A lot has changed since Megan Rapinoe hoisted the Women's World Cup Golden Boot. Who will win it this year?The Women's World Cup Golden Boot is one of many individual honors a player at this year's global tournament can win. The others include the Golden Ball, the Best Young Playe...

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Sunday's transfer rumours include Man Utd's interest in Marc Cucurella, Mohamed Salah telling Liverpool he wants to leave to join Al Ittihad, Joao Felix, Harry Maguire, Romelu Lukaku, Dean Henderson, Piero Hincapie, Conor Gallagher & more.

Crispin Odey, one of Britain's best-known hedge fund managers, is leaving Odey Asset Management following allegations of sexual

Researchers funded by the US Air Force are developing a new type of device that can invite comparisons to a weapon used by a Batman villain. Scientists, including Patrick Hopkins from the University of Virginia in the US, are working on a new device to be used for on-demand surface cooling for electronics inside spacecraft and high-altitude jets. The device may seem similar to the freeze gun used by Batman villain Mr Freeze to “ice” his enemies. “A lot of electronics on board heat up, but they have no way to cool down,” said Dr Hopkins, whose lab has been granted $750,000 over three years to develop the technology. On Earth, electronics in military craft can rely on nature to cool themselves, but in space, this may be a challenge, scientists said. Citing an example, researchers said the Navy uses ocean water in its liquid cooling systems while flying jets can rely on air that is dense enough to help keep components chilled. “With the Air Force and Space Force, you’re in space, which is a vacuum, or you’re in the upper atmosphere, where there’s very little air that can cool,” Dr Hopkins said. “So what happens is your electronics keep getting hotter and hotter and hotter. And you can’t bring a payload of coolant onboard because that’s going to increase the weight, and you lose efficiency,” he explained. In such extra-terrestrial environments, a jet of plasma, the fourth and most common state of matter in the universe, can be used in the interior of a craft. “This plasma jet is like a laser beam; it’s like a lightning bolt. It can be extremely localized,” Dr Hopkins explained. One of the strange qualities of plasma is that while it can reach temperatures as hot as the surface of the Sun, it chills before heating when it strikes a surface. In the new research, published recently in the journal ACS Nano, scientists fired a purple jet of plasma generated from helium through a hollow needle encased in ceramic, targeting a gold-plated surface. When researchers turned on the plasma, they could measure temperature immediately at the point where the plasma hit, and could see that the surface cooled first and then heated up. “We were just puzzled at some level about why this was happening, because it kept happening over and over,” Dr Hopkins said. “And there was no information for us to pull from because no prior literature has been able to measure the temperature change with the precision that we have. No one’s been able to do it so quickly,” he said. The strange surface-cooling phenomenon, according to scientists, was the result of blasting an ultra-thin, hard-to-see surface layer, composed of carbon and water molecules. Researchers compare this to a similar process that happens when cool water evaporates off of our skin after a swim. “Evaporation of water molecules on the body requires energy; it takes energy from body, and that’s why you feel cold. In this case, the plasma rips off the absorbed species, energy is released, and that’s what cools,” the researchers explained. Using the method, scientists could reduce the temperature of the setup by several degrees for a few microseconds. While this may not be dramatic, they said it is enough to make a difference in some electronic devices. Now, thanks to the Air Force grant, researchers are looking at how variations on their original design might improve the apparatus. “Since the plasma is composed of a variety of different particles, changing the type of gas used will allow us to see how each one of these particles impact material properties,” researchers said. Read More Scientists discover 3,000-year-old arrowhead made of ‘alien’ iron Carcinogens found at nuclear missile sites as reports of hundreds of cancers surface India’s moon rover confirms sulphur and detects several other elements near the lunar south pole China’s ‘government-approved’ AI chatbot says Taiwan invasion likely Russian cyber-attacks ‘relentless’ as threat of WW3 grows, expert warns How new bike technology could help cyclists tell drivers not to crash into them

At the age of 35, Ecuador's president-elect Daniel Noboa is fulfilling the political dreams of his banana tycoon father, who failed five...

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Saudi Arabia have been spending an awful lot in the transfer window already this year, but they’ll have to up their transfer announcement video game if they want to become a real force in the world of football social media. Fans are reacting with bewilderment after Saudi Pro League club Al Ittihad released an incredibly strange clip confirming the signing of Celtic winger Jota. They’ve already signed Karim Benzema and N'Golo Kante, and now they decided that they’d push the boat out with the new announcement. Jota, who cost £25 million from the Scottish club, appears in the new clip, which stars a very CGI-looking version of manager Nuno Espirito Santo. Sign up to our free Indy100 weekly newsletter The clip, which has racked up millions of views, sees this uncanny-looking version of Santo watching Joto play on TV leaving many unnerved. Then, an android-looking version of the coach puts on a suit and drives to a shop. When he’s there, he is dealt a pack of cards that all feature Celtic players. After choosing Jota, he puts them in a fresh pack alongside Benzema and Kante, before saying: "We want to rule the world." Football writer Si Lloyd wrote: “Don’t think I’ve ever been quite so terrified of football.” A fan added: “Babe wake up the most unhinged new signing announcement video of all time just dropped.” Another commented: "Nah cause why are the graphics so scary, like it’s a trailer for a horror film." Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

ING Groep NV plans to buy back as much as €1.5 billion ($1.65 billion) worth of shares after

Bradley Cooper spent six years learning how to conduct a six-minute piece of music for a scene in the Leonard Bernstein biopic 'Maestro'.