By Joseph Ax
Ohio voters will decide in a special election on Tuesday whether to make it more difficult to pass state constitutional amendments, including a November ballot initiative that would protect abortion rights statewide.
The Republican-backed constitutional measure would raise the threshold to approve an amendment from 50% to 60% of the vote, while also implementing more stringent standards for amendments to get on the ballot in the first place.
Tuesday's ballot question, known as Issue 1, does not specifically address abortion, but the timing is no accident. If it passes, a super-majority of voters would be required to approve a November referendum that seeks to enshrine abortion rights into the state constitution.
Polls have found that the percentage of voters who favor the abortion amendment is just shy of 60%, suggesting Issue 1 could determine the outcome. Political groups on both sides of the abortion issue have poured millions of dollars into the state ahead of the vote.
Tuesday's election, scheduled by the Republican-controlled legislature, is the latest statewide battle over abortion more than a year after the U.S. Supreme Court eliminated a nationwide right.
Ballot initiatives have become powerful tools for abortion rights activists in states where abortion opponents, usually Republicans, control the legislature or hold the governor's office.
Voters in Kansas and Kentucky, both solidly conservative states, rejected measures last year that would have declared that their state constitutions do not protect abortion rights.
Early voting turnout in Ohio appeared to be extraordinarily high for an August special election. As of Friday, more than 575,000 early votes had been tallied, according to the Ohio secretary of state's office, already nearing the total number of ballots cast in last year's August primary election for state legislative seats.
There were long lines at some polling locations over the weekend, according to local news reports.
Early voter turnout in Ohio appeared to be extraordinarily high for an August special election. The Ohio secretary of state's office said more than 575,000 early votes were cast as of Friday, already nearing the total number of ballots cast in last year's August primary election for state legislative seats.
Some polling locations were reported to have long lines over the weekend.
MILLIONS IN SPENDING
Republican Governor Mike DeWine signed a six-week abortion ban into law in 2019, which went into effect following the Supreme Court's decision. The ban was put on hold in September after a legal challenge from abortion clinics; the Ohio Supreme Court has agreed to decide the case.
Some groups opposed to Tuesday's ballot question have emphasized that the referendum goes beyond abortion, arguing it is simply undemocratic to curb citizens' power.
"This is much larger than one issue; it's much larger than one party or one election," said Jen Miller, the executive director of the League of Women Voters of Ohio. "This is about a freedom that Ohioans have had for more than a century."
For instance, good government groups are working on a ballot question for 2024 that would amend the constitution to prevent gerrymandering, the process by which one party manipulates district lines to entrench power. If Tuesday's referendum succeeds, getting that issue on the ballot would be far more challenging.
Last year, Ohio Republicans drew sharply partisan state legislative and congressional maps and defied court orders to revamp them; November's elections were held using maps that had been ruled unconstitutional.
Abortion rights opponents have called the November referendum extreme, claiming its vague language would allow minors to get abortions and gender-affirming surgery without parental consent.
Supporters note that the amendment makes no mention of gender-affirming treatment or parental consent.
Tuesday's election has drawn millions in outside spending, including from so-called "dark-money" groups that are not required to disclose their donors.
Illinois Republican mega-donor Richard Uihlein has donated at least $4 million to the pro-Issue 1 campaign, according to campaign filings. Other groups supporting Tuesday's referendum have collected funds from Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America and The Concord Fund, a conservative dark-money group.
The anti-Issue 1 side has gotten support from the Tides Foundation, a California-based social justice organization, and the Sixteen Thirty Fund, a liberal dark-money group.
(Reporting by Joseph Ax; Editing by Cynthia Osterman)
