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Sun, sea and swimming pools may be the key ingredients for a fantastic summer holiday, but when it comes to hair colour maintenance, it’s a different story. UV rays, salt water and chlorine all have the power to turn rich brunette to mousy brown, ravishing red to sad salmon pink, and platinum blonde to yucky yellow. That’s why protecting your hair is so important during the sunnier months, whether you’re at home or on holiday abroad. Here, hair experts offer their advice on how to stop your hair colour from fading in the sun… 1. Use sun protection “The main reason why your colour fades in the summer is due to UV rays stripping away colour, especially if your hair is colour treated,” says Keiko Mizuno, education lead at Living Proof UK. “Naturally dark and light hair can get stripped from the sun too as UV rays lift all pigment, but it is more visible on lighter hair as blonde hair has less pigment compared to brunette hair.” Keeping your hair hydrated before you go out in the sun is the first step to lock in your colour. “Apply leave-in conditioner to repair and deeply nourish dry, brittle and dull hair, or create your own shade with a hat or parasol,” says Michael Kent, hair stylist at Blue Tit salon in London’s Streatham. “Try using a heat protector on your hair. This reinforces the structure of the hair and boosts natural defences against ultraviolet radiation.” 2. Apply a mask Not only are masks great for helping repair damage after a day in the sun, you can use them as a colour protector while sunbathing. “Using a hair mask while in the sun will enhance its conditioning benefits,” says hair stylist Adem Oygur, who recently opened his salon Adem in London. “You can dampen and mix a small amount to use as a setting product to keep stray hairs in place, whilst treating your hair to deep conditioning. When you wash your hair at the end of the day, it is hydrated and nourished.” Mizuno recommends adding a bonding treatment into your weekly summer hair routine: “Stronger bonds in your hair maintain colour vibrancy and longevity – plus it has UV protection as well as heat protection.” 3. Don’t wash your hair too often “Washing your hair every day with shampoo strips your scalp and hair of all its natural oil,” says Kent – meaning the colour can fade faster. “Instead of using shampoo, just use lukewarm water to remove the dirt from your hair without rubbing your scalp.” Alternatively, Mizuno suggests: “Elongate your clean hair by using dry shampoo.” 4. Use the right shampoo To keep dyed hair looking salon-fresh, make sure you tailor your shampoo choice. “Only use shampoos that are safe for colour-treated hair,” says Oygur. “You will cut down on how frequently you need to re-dye because these specially formulated shampoos won’t strip the colour, and will keep your hair looking fresh and vibrant throughout the summer.” To stop blonde tresses turning brassy, use purple shampoo followed by a hydrating conditioner. 5. Keep chlorine at bay While chlorine is necessary in pools for hygiene reasons, it can play havoc with your hair. “That’s because chlorine breaks down the proteins of the outer layer of the hair which leaves it feeling dry and rough,” Kent explains. “If the outer layers of the hair shaft have increased porosity, colour molecules can escape easily.” If you really want to protect your crowning glory, there’s only one solution, he says: “Put all your hair in a swimming cap – if you have long hair, braid or twist your hair up first and do not forget to tuck in all your edges.” If a latex cap is going to cramp your summer style, a moisturising barrier is the next best thing. “Rinse your hair with fresh water before you swim then gently coat it with conditioner, a hair mask, or some hair-friendly oils – this will create a barrier against the chlorine,” Kent says. “After your swim, rinse your hair with fresh water and shampoo and condition as normal.” Holiday hair heroes Fight the fade with these potent protectors… Hair Proud All Inclusive 5-in-1 Protection Milk, £8.95 Only Curls Heat Protect Spray, £16 Hair By Sam McKnight Sundaze Sea Spray, £26 Bumble and Bumble Hairdresser’s Invisible Oil Heat/UV Protective Primer, £29.50 Aveda Nutriplenish Leave-In Conditioner, £35.50 Adem Pure Hazelnut Hair Repairing Mask, £39, Sephora Living Proof Triple Bond Complex, £42 Read More Charity boss speaks out over ‘traumatic’ encounter with royal aide Ukraine war’s heaviest fight rages in east - follow live This is why you keep waking up at 4am – and what you can do about it Hepatitis B and C could cause ‘significantly higher cancer risk’ than smoking daily pack of cigarettes Lauren James was told not to have role models – now she is one

Reusable water bottles are beneficial in so many ways. Helping keep you hydrated, they also cut down on single-use plastic, and save you money every time you refill instead of buying a new bottle of water. Plus, with all the chic stainless steel flasks and glass bottles on the market – not to mention sporty carrying straps – they’ve become something of a fashion accessory. Trying to hit the NHS-recommended eight glasses of water a day for adults is an excellent idea, of course, but did you know there’s one way your refillable bottle could potentially be detrimental to your health? According to a study from waterfilterguru.com, reusable water bottles contain an average of 20.8m colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria, which equates to 40,000 times more than the microbes on a toilet seat. So what might be the consequences if you continuously sip and refill without washing your bottle properly between uses? We asked health experts to talk through the risks… Bottling up bacteria “A common misconception when it comes to reusable water bottle hygiene is that as you’re typically filling it with pure water and it’s only coming into contact with your own mouth, there’s little need to clean it often,” says Dr Donald Grant, senior clinician at The Independent Pharmacy. However, every time you drink from the bottle, you’re transferring bacteria from your mouth, which can then multiply in the container. “Anything that is reusable can be prone to accumulating dirt, dust or debris and, as a result, bacteria,” says private GP Dr Suhail Hussain. “This is exacerbated by the fact water bottles are the ideal environment for harbouring bacteria due to being moist.” Hard to reach crevices – for example, inside a screw top or under a flip-up straw – could also develop mould, and then there’s contamination from other sources. “When you store it in a gym bag, for instance, it can pick up bacteria from the interior of the bag or anything else stored in it, while you can also transfer bacteria from your hands to your bottle,” says Grant. “If your bottle has a valve cap, you may need to lift or twist it with your fingers, and this can transfer bacteria you may have picked up from touching other objects or surfaces.” What types of microbes are found in water bottles? “These might be simple commensals such as streptococcus and staphylococcus, which normally live in symbiosis with their host (i.e. us) but can become problematic if they accumulate, or the individual is under the weather,” Hussain says.“Bacteria such as E. coli – a common cause of urine and bowel infections – can often colonise the water bottle following repeated handling, such as taking the cap on and off.” These bacteria can potentially cause a variety of issues. “You may become sick and develop gastric illness, such as diarrhoea or vomiting,” Hussain continues. “Gram negative rods – another common bacterium found in unwashed bottles – can lead to urogenital tract infections and pneumonia.” Grant warns: “If there’s a build-up of mould inside the bottle, this can cause allergy symptoms, such as a runny nose, sneezing, or red and itchy eyes. Symptoms might be more severe for someone with asthma.” How often should you wash your reusable water bottle? “To minimise your risk of getting sick, you should ideally clean your water bottle after each use,” Grant says. “As a minimum, you should aim to wash it thoroughly at least a few times a week.” Hot water and washing up liquid are all you need to banish bacteria on the daily. “Fill the bottle with hot soapy mixture and swill around, or leave to soak in a detergent mixture,” Hussain advises. “Remember to pay special attention to lids/caps and screw top regions – use a clean brush [to scrub them].” If you’ve neglected your bottle for a few days and it needs a deeper clean, Grant suggests: “Soak your bottle overnight in a solution of half vinegar and half water. Rinse the bottle and let it dry fully before using it again.” Storage is also important to help minimise nasty microbes. “Where possible, you should keep your water bottle out of germ-rich environments such as your gym locker or sports bag,” Grant says. “You should also avoid filling your bottle with anything other than water, such as protein shakes, energy drinks, or sugar-rich liquids, as sugar can stimulate the growth of bacteria.” Hussain adds: “Don’t leave water bottle in the sun for long periods of time or siting in the cup holder in the car – the mixture of warmth and moisture is likely to make bacterial overgrowth worse.” Read More Charity boss speaks out over ‘traumatic’ encounter with royal aide Ukraine war’s heaviest fight rages in east - follow live Prince George visits Eton with parents Prince William and Kate Middleton King Charles and Queen Camilla ecstatic after getting their first Royal Ascot winner As Elon Musk calls cis ‘a slur’ – what does the term cisgender actually mean?

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The simple white vest is an iconic style, and a favourite of men from Tony Soprano to Stanley Kowalski, Marlo Brando's character in A Street Named Desire – but its nickname has become somewhat dated. Now, Gen Z social media users have come up with a new term for the jarringly named “wife beater”, after a resurgence in popularity of the white tank top. People have started referring to the item as a “wife pleaser” to make it less triggering for victims of family and domestic violence. Tutorials on how to style the top have surged in popularity in recent times, while fashion magazines and websites have started listing them in articles like the “best wife pleasers of the summer”. Sign up to our free Indy100 weekly newsletter The term has been prompting anger for several years already. In 2018, The New York Times ran an opinion piece titled: "Are we really still calling this shirt a wife beater?" “I myself have used the term before — and I’ve worn the shirt plenty — but this time it stopped me cold. Given the torrent of revelations of abuse against women in the #MeToo era, the name suddenly seemed grossly inappropriate,” wrote the author. He continued: "We don’t call our pants 'child molesters' or our hats 'cat mutilators'. We immediately recognise such descriptions as violent and abhorrent. And yet, we somehow overlook the same when we call our shirts wife beaters." The “wife pleaser”, by contrast, appears to have been in use since last year, and has now gone viral again. In July 2022, InStyle ran an article about American actor Chris Evans’ love of the item, called ‘Chris Evans’s "wife pleasers" are this summer's ultimate fashion throwback". Social media users on TikTok are also calling it the “wife respecter” and a “wife caresser”. And in 2018, Jonathan Van Ness, star of Netflix series Queer Eye, even called it a “wife lover”, when the cast were helping a subject choose an outfit on the show. The term wife beater, meanwhile, has far more sinister roots. It appears to have entered common use in 1947, when a man wearing a white tank top was arrested for murdering his wife. His mugshot was nicknamed “The Wife Beater”, and the term stuck. Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

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There’s no feeling quite like the inner glow you get when someone gives you a compliment. A simple “I like your new shoulder bag“, “Nice makeup” or “Your skin looks radiant” can change your whole day. That said, in our increasingly head-down, phone-scrolling world, receiving a compliment during our commute is as rare (and rewarding) as finding a $20 bill on the floor. So when I started getting stopped in the street by strangers who said they loved my new fall dress or had to know where it was from, I knew it was a special item. Without fail, I receive at least one compliment every time I wear it.

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